Stage 1

Bates' Visual Guide — cardiac segments

Each segment opens in a new tab on Bates' platform (LWW).

Before you start

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13.1 Introduction

Overview of the cardiovascular exam — what you'll cover, why each piece matters, the standard sequence to follow at the bedside.

13.3 Heart anatomy

The anatomy you need to know before listening: chambers, valves, and their surface relations to the chest wall.

13.4 Heart sounds — anatomy & physiology

What S1, S2, S3, and S4 actually are. The physiology behind splitting and gallops. Watch this before auscultation.

13.5 Heart — physical examination

The full precordial exam: inspection of the chest wall, locating the PMI, palpating for heaves and thrills.

13.6 Auscultation of heart sounds

The five auscultation areas, how to move the stethoscope, when to switch between diaphragm and bell.

13.9 Jugular veins — physical examination

Positioning the patient at 30–45°, identifying the internal jugular pulsation, measuring vertical height above the sternal angle.

13.8 Carotid arteries — physical examination

Palpating the carotid pulse character (volume, upstroke, contour) and auscultating for bruits.

13.10 Pathology & special maneuvers

What abnormal heart sounds and murmurs sound like in context, plus positional maneuvers — left lateral decubitus for S3/MS; sitting forward for AR.

13.2 Cardiovascular health history

optional

How to take a cardiovascular-focused history — chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, syncope. Complements the physical exam.

13.7 Vascular structures of the neck — anatomy

optional

Anatomy of the carotid arteries and jugular veins. Useful background before the JVP and carotid exam segments.

13.11 Dynamic maneuvers

optional

Valsalva, handgrip, and squat-to-stand for distinguishing systolic murmurs. Advanced — typically taught after M1.

13.0 Full cardiovascular volume

optional

All cardiovascular segments in one continuous video — use as a comprehensive review before practicing on the manikin.