Stage 3

Dyspnea with extra heart sound — AS vs S3 gallop

Differential:Aortic stenosisS3 gallop (heart failure)

A 75-year-old man presents with progressive shortness of breath, orthopnea, and bilateral leg swelling. He has an extra heart sound on auscultation — is this aortic stenosis, or an S3 of heart failure?

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